Process of making petroleum products.



- of Saponaceous Products from cible with any quantity of hot or coldwater UNITED STATES SAM DYSON, or

PATENT Orriom ELLAND, AND JOHN oAsKnLL, or Lennon, ENGLAND.

PROCESS OF MAKING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.-

SPECliFICAIION forming part of Letters Patent No. 683,735, dated October1, 1901.

Application filed- October 2 9, 1900,

To all whom it IN/(111] concern:

Be it known that we, SAM DYSON, residing at the Atlas Works, Ellau'd,county of York, and JOHN GASKELL, residing at 122 Queens Gate, London,England, subjects of the Queen of Great Britain, have invented certainnew and useful Improvement-sin the Mauufac ture Mineral Oils, of whichthe following is aclear aud exact specification.

Ourinvention consists of aprocess of making a saponaceous producthereinafter called petroleum emulsion? which is suitable as a base orraw, material for the manufacture of all kinds of soap, also forlubricating and other industrial purposes, as hereinafter specified.

Many attempts have been made to produce saponaceouscompounds containingmore or less mineral oil, such .as hydrocarbons of the paraff n series;but in order to obtain-a uniform and stable product it was found necessary either to incorporate foreign mattersuch as carnauba-urax, boraeicacid,or resin-- with the materials usually employed for the manufactureof soap or to restrict the quantity of hydrocarbons to about twenty percent. If a larger quantity of mineral oil is employed, it will easilyseparate from the mixture in the shape of globules.

We have found 1 saponaceous compoun hat a stable and uniform d which iseasily mismay be obtained by working within certain limits oftemperature, hereinafter described, and that if the said saponaceous compound is used as an intermediateproduct in the manufacture of soft soapa uniform and suitable soft soapcontaining upward'of twenty-five percent. of mineral oil may be made in a very short time--about three hours. For example, to produce from petroleum by means of oleic acid anemulsion soluble in or miscible vwith. water we add to one hundredpounds of potroleum at least ten pounds of oleic acid, preferably fromtwenty to twenty-five pounds, (according to the nature of the requiredprod uet,) in a jacketed pan while agitating. "We heat the mixture toa'teinperature ranging between and Fahrenheit and gradually addcaustimpotash solution of 40 Baum the rate of three-fourths of a poundto each ,Scrial No. 34,866. (lie spccirnonsJ pound of oleic acidemployed. This produces a uniform and transparent petroleum-jelly whichis miscible with water and which may be used for the various purposeshereinafter described; but we find that a more perfect saponificati onis produced by diluting this jelly with from twenty to fifty per cent.of water, while maintaining the temperature and continuing theagitating, the result being to form a petroleumemulsion which is readilymiscible with hot'orcold water in any proportions and which can be moreeasily mixed with soft soaps or other saponaceous compounds than is the-case with thepctrolcum jelly described above. l

The quantity of alkali used for the saponification may be variedaccording to the nature of the product required. For instance, emulsionsintended for the manufacture of insecticide, sheep-dip, lubricants, andsimilar products should be neutral, while for most kinds of soap anexcess of alkali isbene- The temperatures mentioned above have given thebest results, although the emulsion can be formed at. a temperature ofabout ten degrees higher or lower thanthe limit stated. Instead ofpetroleum, such as kerosene or lamp oil, We may use other mineral oils,which are liquid at the temperature used int-he process, whether suchoils are derived from -the distillation of petroleum, tar, bituminousshale, or-from other sources. Instead of Oleic acid or'olein we may usestearic, palmi tic, or other similar fatty acids, according to thenature of the product.-

-Tl1e petroleum emulsion and petroleumjelly used, as described, may beused as a'raw material orintermediate product in the manna facture ofsoft or hard soap, sheep-wash, in-

secticide, lubricants, and varnish.

To produce bright and clear soft soap, we take eight hundred pounds ofpetroleum emul= sion, add to it two hundred pounds of oleic acid orolein and from one hundred and fifty to two hundred pounds ofcaustic-potash so lution of 30 Baum according to the strength of thesoap required, and thoroughly mix the said materials by means of amechanical ,mi'xer until the caustic liquor has been absorbed. Bysubsequently raising the temperature to about to.190 Fahrenheit a brightproduct is atonee obtained. The

' quantity of-oleic acid may be varied according to the quality of soaprequired.

To produce hard soap, we take soap made from animal or vegetable fat by.any of the known methods, place the same in a mixingpan, an dgradually-mix with it a quantity-of petroleum emulsion varying betweentwenty and fiftyper cent. of the weight of the finished product by meansof the ordinary crutching apparatus used in soap-works. This additionconsiderably reduces the cost ofthe soap and increases its cleansin gand detergent properties,while it also gives to-the soap antisepticproperties and makes it ,a powerful disinfectant. I

As indicated above, the saponaceous emulsion obtained as described maybe used also as a raw'm'aterial or base inthe manufacture ofinsecticide, sheep-(1i p, lubric ants,and similar products. I I

It is not new to usepetroleum-jellyfor the manufacture of saponaceousproducts by mixing it with ordinary soap; but the prod not -thenobtained is deficient in cleansing prop-l erties, becauseordinary-petroleum jelly, known under the name of Vaseline, consists' ofheavy hydrocarbons, which will not dissolve grease or penetrate intotextile fabrics or the skin-like benzin o'r-other like mineral oils,

WeIma-ke no general claim to. the use of petroleum-jelly in the manner;described above, but limitourselves to emulsions or witnesses.

jellies obtained by the saponification of fatty matter in mixture withmineral oils.

Having thus fully described our invention,

what we claim as new, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

1, The process of making petroleum emulsion, consisting in mixingmineral oil with fatty acid, heating the mixture uniformly between thetemperature 110t0 150 Fahren heit, gradually adding an alkaline solutionand subsequently water,while constantly stirring, and maintaining thetemperature, substantially as described.

2. The process of making soap, which consists'i'n taking eight hundredparts of apetroleum emulsion consisting of petroleum, alkali and a fattyacid, adding theretosubstantially two hundred parts of olin or oleicacid and onehundred and fifty to two hundred parts ofcaustic-potash-solution of 30 Baum and thoroughly mixing the said materials until the caustic liquor has been absorbed, substantially asdescribed.

In witness whereof we have, hereunto set our hands in the presenceof tvo subscribing

